Summary of Phillips Curve The Phillips curve suggests there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. This suggests policymakers have a choice between prioritising inflation or unemployment. During the 1950s and 1960s, Phillips curve analysis suggested there was a trade-off, and policymakers could use demand management (fiscal and monetary policy) to try and influence …
The aggregate supply curve shows the total supply in an economy at different price levels. Generally, the aggregate supply curve slopes upwards – a higher price level encourages firms to supply more. However, there are different possible slopes for the aggregate supply curve. It could be highly inelastic (vertical) to very elastic. It is important …
Readers Question: What is the difference between short run aggregate supply (SRAS) and Long run aggregate supply (LRAS)? Essentially, the SRAS assumes that the level of capital is fixed. (i.e. in the short run you can’t build a new factory) However, in the short run you can increase the utilisation of existing factors of production, …
Sustainable economic growth implies that the growth rate can be maintained over the long term. Sustainable growth involves both Environmentally sustainable growth – e.g. not exploiting scarce resources. Sustainable growth in terms of low inflation and a balanced economy. Sustainable economic growth The long-run trend rate of economic growth is the rate of economic growth …
Supply side policies are efforts to increase competitiveness and efficiency in the economy. They can include policies such as tax cuts, privatisation, investment in education and more flexible labour markets. Usually, supply side policies are long-term efforts to increase productivity and the long-run trend rate of growth. The traditional solution to a recession is to …
Economic growth is an increase in real GDP; it means an increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy. The rate of economic growth is the annual percentage increase in real GDP. There are several factors affecting economic growth, but it is helpful to split them up into: Demand-side factors (e.g. …
A production possibility frontier shows how much an economy can produce given existing resources. A production possibility can show the different choices that an economy faces. For example, when an economy produces on the PPF curve, increasing the output of goods will have an opportunity cost of fewer services. Diagram of Production Possibility Frontier Moving …
Definition: Gross fixed capital formation is essentially net investment. It is a component of the Expenditure method of calculating GDP. To be more precise Gross fixed capital formation measures the net increase in fixed capital. Gross fixed capital formation includes spending on land improvements, (fences, ditches, drains, and so on) plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; …